Presentation to the Sponsors
Petroleum Colours
When Black Gold Became Dye
May ~August 2012
Musée des Arts et Métiers
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 22 Sept. 2011
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1
LA CHIMIE ORGANIQUE 27
INDUSTRIELLE
La chimie organique n’est pas seulement une science théorique et une science de
laboratoire.
C’est aussi une science qui, par ses innombrables applications, concerne
très directement notre vie quotidienne dans des domaines aussi dif férents que la
santé, l’habillement, les...
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1 LA CHIMIE ORGANIQUE 27 INDUSTRIELLE La chimie organique n’est pas seulement une science théorique et une science de laboratoire. C’est aussi une science qui, par ses innombrables applications, concerne très directement notre vie quotidienne dans des domaines aussi dif férents que la santé, l’habillement, les loisirs, les transports, etc. De ce fait, c’est aussi la base d’une industrie très diversifiée. 27. 1 L’INDUSTRIE CHIMIQUE ORGANIQUE Outre sa di versité et son utilité, l’industrie chimique représente aussi un secteur économique très important. Avec un chiffre d’affaires de 51,2 milliards d’euros en 2007, l’industrie chimique en France est le troisième grand pôle industriel après l’automobile et la métallurgie. La production de l’industrie chimique se dév eloppe, et sa progression moyenne est de l’ordre de 3 % par an. Les exportations en 2007 se répartissent en 4 secteurs : la chimie minérale 6,6 %, la chimie organique 42,5 %, la parachimie 27 %, les sa
Moins
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
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Lectures: 41
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In South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA : 1839-1900), Tuesday 27 March 1860 Page
3 sur 4
PERKINS S PURPLE, COMMONLY CALLED MAUVE.
(From All the Year Round)
Let other men sing the praise of Hector or Agamemnon, be it for me to sing the
praise of Perkins, the inventor of the new purple.
Perkins (Mr.
Perkins), I should at...
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In South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA : 1839-1900), Tuesday 27 March 1860 Page 3 sur 4 PERKINS S PURPLE, COMMONLY CALLED MAUVE. (From All the Year Round) Let other men sing the praise of Hector or Agamemnon, be it for me to sing the praise of Perkins, the inventor of the new purple. Perkins (Mr. Perkins), I should at once mention, is the gentleman who, by his skill in chemistry, has lately discovered this beautiful purple colour, now so common, and which tradesmen foolishly call Mauve — a French word, I believe, derived from the name of the mallow plant, but why or wherefore used I know not, except that the mallow flower is of a dull brown purple, and is utterly unlike the delicious violet of Perkins, to which the Tynan purple of the Caesars is tame, dull, and earthy indeed. It is a pleasant thing to draw similies from the fact; that this exquisite colour was ex- tracted by Mr. Perkins from coal-tar. The black stickly juice of fossil plants seems, at the
Moins
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
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BASF
Historical Milestones
1865-2005
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
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Lectures: 4
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Vol 435|30 June 2005
1179
Jianguo Liu and Jared Diamond
China is the world’s most populous country and the fourth largest
in area.
Its economy, already huge,
is growing at the fastest rate of any
major nation.
Its environmental
problems are among the most
severe of any major country, and
are mostly getting worse.
Many...
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Vol 435|30 June 2005 1179 Jianguo Liu and Jared Diamond China is the world’s most populous country and the fourth largest in area. Its economy, already huge, is growing at the fastest rate of any major nation. Its environmental problems are among the most severe of any major country, and are mostly getting worse. Many Chinese, including its leaders, are aware of these problemsandhavetriedtotacklethem. Some things have improved, such as the air quality in Beijing and some other big cities. But such effortshavenotmatchedtheforces of environmental destruction, and have not prevented other indicators from further deterioration. The list of problems ranges from air pollution, biodiversity losses, croplandlosses,depleted fisheries, desertification, disappearing wetlands, grassland degradation, and increasing frequency and scale of human-induced natural disasters, to invasive species, overgrazing, interruptedriverflow,salinization, soil erosion, trash acc
Moins
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
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Lectures: 2
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L’uniforme du fantassin français en 1914 et 1916
Lors de la guerre de 1914-1918, le soldat du XIXe
siècle fait place à celui du XXe
siècle.
Cette métamorphose progressive
se traduit notamment par la mise au point et l adoption d un nouvel uniforme et d un nouveau casque dont la mise en place
est achevée en 1916....
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L’uniforme du fantassin français en 1914 et 1916 Lors de la guerre de 1914-1918, le soldat du XIXe siècle fait place à celui du XXe siècle. Cette métamorphose progressive se traduit notamment par la mise au point et l adoption d un nouvel uniforme et d un nouveau casque dont la mise en place est achevée en 1916. L’objet en lui-même… En août 1914, les fantassins français portent encore les pantalons rouge garance devenus leur signe distinctif depuis 1829 et une capote (modèle 1877) gris de fer bleuté fermée par deux rangs de boutons. Le pantalon est enserré au niveau des mollets par des guêtres en cuir lacées. Il est chaussé de brodequins en cuir avec semelles cloutées. Le ceinturon porte trois cartouchières en cuir et la baïonnette dans son fourreau. Le képi (modèle 1884) à turban garance et bandeau bleu, est recouvert, en campagne, d un couvre-képi bleu. Le havresac est un sac de toile cirée renforcé par un cadre en bois sur lequel sont arrimés plusieurs équi
Moins
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
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Lectures: 13
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COMMENTFILM In conversation with
Richard Berendzen, on NASA
and sci-fi p.
295
HISTORY Spacesuits,
where fashion met
technology p.
294
EPIDEMIOLOGY History of
disease maps shows some
things never change p.
292
CONSERVATION Scientists must
think bigger and faster to
tackle today’s problems p.
290
In the past decade, as...
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COMMENTFILM In conversation with Richard Berendzen, on NASA and sci-fi p. 295 HISTORY Spacesuits, where fashion met technology p. 294 EPIDEMIOLOGY History of disease maps shows some things never change p. 292 CONSERVATION Scientists must think bigger and faster to tackle today’s problems p. 290 In the past decade, as developing economies have grown, this has increased to 0. 6% and, with it, more biodiversity has been lost. Historically, technology has helped to stem this expansion of the agriculture frontier. During the ‘green revolution’ of the 1960s and ’70s, productivity increased at a faster rate than population and consumption, and encroachment was slowed or even halted in many places. Now, technology lags behind rising population and consumption. It needs to catch up, fast. We will all feel the consequences of an together to develop ways to reform the global food system by increasing food production without damaging biodiversity. Groups s
Moins
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
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Behaviour that seemingly contributes to the
public good can evolve as a by-product of selfserving actions.
Andrea and Redouan Bshary at the University
of Neuchâtel in Switzerland studied a type of
blenny fish (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchus) that
stealthily bites scalefin anthias (Pseudanthias
squamipinnis; pictured) from behind....
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Behaviour that seemingly contributes to the public good can evolve as a by-product of selfserving actions. Andrea and Redouan Bshary at the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland studied a type of blenny fish (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchus) that stealthily bites scalefin anthias (Pseudanthias squamipinnis; pictured) from behind. Some victims chase the biting blenny after an attack. The authors used Plexiglass plates to mimic chasing or fleeing anthias in the lab, and found that chasing acts as a self-serving punishment, prompting blennies to pursue other individuals in future attacks. In the field, chased blennies were seen biting other prey species, suggesting that chasing also serves a public good. Moreover, the researchers found that blennies can distinguish between chasers and those that flee or ‘free-ride’. They say that free-riders might make themselves easy targets for the blennies, thereby favouring the chasing behaviour. Curr. Biol. doi:10.
Moins
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
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Perkin’s Mauve: the History of the Chemistry
A Filarowski BSc (Hons) CCol ASDC – Technical Officer SDC
In 1856, William Henry Perkin was set the task by his professor, August Wilhelm Hofmann, of
synthesising the anti-malaria drug quinine.
He was 18 years old and had entered the Royal
College of Chemistry at the age of 15....
Plus
1 Perkin’s Mauve: the History of the Chemistry A Filarowski BSc (Hons) CCol ASDC – Technical Officer SDC In 1856, William Henry Perkin was set the task by his professor, August Wilhelm Hofmann, of synthesising the anti-malaria drug quinine. He was 18 years old and had entered the Royal College of Chemistry at the age of 15. At this time chemistry was still in a primitive state; atomic theory was accepted, the major elements had been discovered and although techniques were in place to analyse the proportions of elements in compounds, it was difficult to determine the arrangement of those elements. Therefore structural formulae were nonexistent, the idea that carbon was quadrivalent had not been put forward and the concept of a benzene ring was not around until 1865/6. It is this naïvity in chemistry that led to the production of mauveine being viewed as an accident. The fact that Perkin’s reasoning about the making of quinine was incorrect led to the structure of m
Moins
Par JULIEN PAJOT
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Publiée le 3 Sept. 2011
Pages: 5
Lectures: 3
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