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Ubuntu Reference Privileges sudo command – run command as root sudo su – open a root shell sudo su user – open a shell as user sudo -k – forget sudo passwords gksudo command – visual sudo dialog (GNOME) kdesudo command – visual sudo dialog (KDE) sudo visudo – edit /etc/sudoers gksudo nautilus – root file manager (GNOME) kdesudo konqueror – root file manager (KDE) passwd – change your password Display sudo /etc/init. d/gdm restart – restart X (GNOME) sudo /etc/init. d/kdm restart – restart X (KDE) (file) /etc/X11/xorg. conf – display configuration sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg – reset X configuration Ctrl+Alt+Bksp – restart X display if frozen Ctrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty N Ctrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display System Services¹ start service – start job service (Upstart) stop service – stop job service (Upstart) status service – check if service is running (Upstart) /etc/init. d/service start – start service (SysV) /etc/init. d/service stop – stop service (SysV) /etc/init. d/service status – check service (SysV) /etc/init. d/service restart – restart service (SysV) runlevel – get current runlevel Package Management¹ apt-get update – refresh available updates apt-get upgrade – upgrade all packages apt-get dist-upgrade – upgrade Ubuntu version apt-get install pkg – install pkg apt-get remove pkg – uninstall pkg apt-get autoremove – remove obsolete packages apt-get -f install – try to fix broken packages dpkg --configure -a – try to fix broken packages dpkg -i pkg. deb – install file pkg. deb (file) /etc/apt/sources. list – APT repository list Network ifconfig – show network information iwconfig – show wireless information sudo iwlist scan – scan for wireless networks sudo /etc/init. d/networking restart – reset network (file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual configuration ifup interface – bring interface online ifdown interface – disable interface Special Packages ubuntu-desktop – standard Ubuntu environment kubuntu-desktop – KDE desktop xubuntu-desktop – XFCE desktop ubuntu-minimal – core Ubuntu utilities ubuntu-standard – standard Ubuntu utilities ubuntu-restricted-extras – non-free, but useful kubuntu-restricted-extras – KDE of the above xubuntu-restricted-extras – XFCE of the above build-essential – packages used to compile programs linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel image linux-headers-generic – latest build headers Firewall¹ ufw enable – turn on the firewall ufw disable – turn off the firewall ufw default allow – allow all connections by default ufw default deny – drop all connections by default ufw status – current status and rules ufw allow port – allow traffic on port ufw deny port – block port ufw deny from ip – block ip adress Application Names nautilus – file manager (GNOME) dolphin – file manager (KDE) konqueror – web browser (KDE) kate – text editor (KDE) gedit – text editor (GNOME) System Recovery - Type the phrase “REISUB” while holding down Alt and SysRq (PrintScrn) with about 1 second between each letter. Your system will reboot. lsb_release -a – get Ubuntu version uname -r – get kernel version uname -a – get all kernel information 1. Prefix commands with sudo to run. Ubuntu is a trademark of Canonical Ltd. Licensed under CC-BY-SA 3. 0. Free to redistribute; see creativecommons. org for details.