NUCLEAR MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EMP, SOLAR STORMS, AND SUBSTORMS

NUCLEAR MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EMP, SOLAR STORMS, AND SUBSTORMS Mario Rabinowitz Electric Power Research Institute ; Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA Inquiries to: Armor Research; 715 Lakemead Way, Redwood City, CA 94062, USA Mario715@earthlink.net A. P. Sakis... More

NUCLEAR MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EMP, SOLAR STORMS, AND SUBSTORMS Mario Rabinowitz Electric Power Research Institute ; Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA Inquiries to: Armor Research; 715 Lakemead Way, Redwood City, CA 94062, USA Mario715@earthlink.net A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos and Elias N. Glytsis School of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA George J. Cokkinides Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 , USA Abstract In addition to a fast electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high altitude nuclear burst produces a relatively slow magnetohydrodynarnic EMP (MHD EMP), whose effects are like those from solar storm geomagnetically induced currents (SS-GIC). The MHD EMP electric field E < 10-1 V/m and lasts < 102 sec, whereas for solar storms E > 10-2 V/m and lasts >103 sec. Although the solar storm electric field is lower than MHD EMP, the solar storm effects are generally greater due to their much longer duration. Substorms p Less