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Financing the response to malaria
Doctor Michel ODIKA (Congo-Brazzaville)
For the most part, the management of financial resources reflects countries’
capacity to promote adequate institutional landscapes and implement
governance reforms (1).
Advocacy for a New Deal.
Today, the money spent from all sources on
providing...
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1 Financing the response to malaria Doctor Michel ODIKA (Congo-Brazzaville) For the most part, the management of financial resources reflects countries’ capacity to promote adequate institutional landscapes and implement governance reforms (1). Advocacy for a New Deal. Today, the money spent from all sources on providing malaria-affected countries with preventive and curative services is still far short of meeting the estimated requirements (2,3,4,5). Looking beyond 2011, an effective response to malaria critically depends on sustained growth in annual funding until the disease is reversed. Advocacy for better governance. Increasingly, emphasis must be placed on institutionalizing the direct participation of complementary stakeholders in intersectoral collaboration around a shared agenda (1). Worldwide, for example, ongoing efforts to improve the management of financial resources provide grounds for cautious optimism about support for multisectoral responses to malaria. However,
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 2 Nov. 2011
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Lectures: 31
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Malaria Observatory: emphasis on
eradication
Doctor Michel ODIKA (Congo-Brazzaville)
Thought and theory must precede all salutary action.
Yet
action is nobler in itself than either thought or theory
(Virginia WOOLF, novelist).
Malaria Observatory Project: unprecedented shift from the reactive
to the active and strategic.
Due to...
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1 Malaria Observatory: emphasis on eradication Doctor Michel ODIKA (Congo-Brazzaville) Thought and theory must precede all salutary action. Yet action is nobler in itself than either thought or theory (Virginia WOOLF, novelist). Malaria Observatory Project: unprecedented shift from the reactive to the active and strategic. Due to high mortality ratios, malaria is putting the social cohesion under stress in many sub-Saharan African countries (1). In this challenging context, the primary purpose of our project (2) aims to transform malaria-related policies from episodic and crisis-management approaches to thoughtful and long-term responses that emphasize the use of evidence-based strategies and recognize the crucial need for strong political commitment.
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 2 Nov. 2011
Pages: 5
Lectures: 44
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Paludisme: cette publication peut offenser
Droit de réponse à ceux qui offensent le sens de la nuance
Docteur Michel ODIKA
Image introductive: appel à commentaire(s)
Arrêt sur image… D’emblée, un constat: la violence visuelle qui se dégage de
notre image introductive est, sans plus, une… « offense à la condition
humaine...
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1 Paludisme: cette publication peut offenser Droit de réponse à ceux qui offensent le sens de la nuance Docteur Michel ODIKA Image introductive: appel à commentaire(s) Arrêt sur image… D’emblée, un constat: la violence visuelle qui se dégage de notre image introductive est, sans plus, une… « offense à la condition humaine ». D’où un autre constat, autant édifiant que terrifiant, ainsi résumé: le paludisme n’est rien d’autre que la dramaturgie médicale d’une tragédie environnementale – cf. Paludisme: dramaturgie médicale d’une tragédie environnementale (Michel ODIKA, Tribune de Genève, 2010).
Moins
Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 1 Nov. 2011
Pages: 5
Lectures: 8
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AIDS Among Prisoners: Vital
Prevention Versus Fatal Presumption
Michel ODIKA
The degree of civilization in society can be judged by entering its prisons
(DOSTOEVSKY)
Prisons can be viewed as “breeding sites” for unsafe injecting practices, rapes
and unprotected sex.
As a result, prisoners live in a high-risk environment for
HIV...
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AIDS Among Prisoners: Vital Prevention Versus Fatal Presumption Michel ODIKA The degree of civilization in society can be judged by entering its prisons (DOSTOEVSKY) Prisons can be viewed as “breeding sites” for unsafe injecting practices, rapes and unprotected sex. As a result, prisoners live in a high-risk environment for HIV transmission. It should also be noted that two distinct populations – new inmates who may be uninfected and inmates who are already HIV-infected – permanently flow in and outside of prisons. With regard to some facts, two lessons can be drawn from the programmes implemented around the world. Firstly, evidence-based HIVprevention measures can be efficient and effective in prisons. Secondly, there is growing evidence that prisons authorities alone cannot fix the problem. Subsequently, coordinated and integrated efforts with other key partners and stakeholders are helpful in breaking the chain of the epidemic transmission. Across the world, prisoners often e
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 10 Avr. 2009
Pages: 2
Lectures: 32
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Santé publique et sécurité environnementale
Michel ODIKA
L’intérêt des relations entre la santé publique et la sécurité environnementale
réside dans leurs enjeux et défis, mais aussi dans les perspectives susceptibles de
s’en dégager.
Ainsi, au-delà des considérations purement théoriques et/ou
dangereusement...
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Santé publique et sécurité environnementale Michel ODIKA L’intérêt des relations entre la santé publique et la sécurité environnementale réside dans leurs enjeux et défis, mais aussi dans les perspectives susceptibles de s’en dégager. Ainsi, au-delà des considérations purement théoriques et/ou dangereusement idéologiques, toute politique sanitaire à vocation sécuritaire doit prendre appui sur des faits observables et vérifiables sur le terrain. Premier fait à prendre en compte, les enjeux et défis sanitaires d’un pays s’inscrivent dans une perspective sécuritaire globale – perspective sécuritaire dont on peut dire que l’approche n’est pas seulement policière ou militaire, mais relève également de la sécurité alimentaire, scolaire (accès à l’éducation et à l’information), hospitalière (qualité et sécurité des soins), entre autres… Deuxième fait méritant qu’on s’y attarde, la dimension prédominante des enjeux et défis sanitaires est fondamentalement de nature environnementale, l’approc
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 7 Avr. 2009
Pages: 5
Lectures: 97
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Santé et environnement: fusion ministérielle
inéluctable
Michel ODIKA
Le chemin se fait en marchant (Jean-Paul SARTRE, philosophe et metteur en
scène)
Santé publique et sécurité environnementale: enjeux,
défis et perspectives
A l’orée du XXIe siècle, les relations entre la santé et la sécurité sont
révélatrices...
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Santé et environnement: fusion ministérielle inéluctable Michel ODIKA Le chemin se fait en marchant (Jean-Paul SARTRE, philosophe et metteur en scène) Santé publique et sécurité environnementale: enjeux, défis et perspectives A l’orée du XXIe siècle, les relations entre la santé et la sécurité sont révélatrices d’enjeux inscrits dans une continuité historique, ainsi que d’interactions inscrites dans une perspective globale, dont la principale dimension est d’abord environnementale avant d’être médicale, puis sanitaire avant d’être hospitalière. Maintenant plus que jamais, il est question de faire des enjeux et défis sanitaires des piliers essentiels de la politique sécuritaire. De même, il y a actuellement urgence à amorcer l’intégration de la promotion et protection sanitaires dans une gestion sécuritaire globale, dont la coordination peut être efficacement assurée par un « Super Ministère » issu de la fusion des ministères de la santé et de l’environnement. Santé et environnement:
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 6 Avr. 2009
Pages: 21
Lectures: 89
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Vulnerable to HIV But Neglected
Focus on trafficked women serving as sex workers
Michel ODIKA
Crucial necessity for a wide-reaching approach
Every year large numbers of women are trafficked, either across international
borders or within their own countries.
All regions of the world are affected,
although there are some...
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Vulnerable to HIV But Neglected Focus on trafficked women serving as sex workers Michel ODIKA Crucial necessity for a wide-reaching approach Every year large numbers of women are trafficked, either across international borders or within their own countries. All regions of the world are affected, although there are some well-established routes. Despite the magnitude of the phenomenon, highly variable from place to place, the world is still slow in recognizing its gravity and, as a result, human trafficking often remains off the political agenda. On the whole, trafficked women forced to go into exploitive work situations are largely under-represented and voiceless in the decision-making processes aimed at affecting their lives, starting with those related to HIV transmission. No matter how human trafficking takes shape in any given country, it always shines a spotlight on human rights and societal issues of global significance. Lack of evaluation Little is known about the number of
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 30 Mars 2009
Pages: 3
Lectures: 27
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AIDS in Conflict-affected Zones
Michel ODIKA
By 2005, the global number of refugees and displaced persons stood at nearly 20
million, approximately 4 million in sub-Saharan Africa, where many, if not most
of the host countries are heavily burdened by the impact of AIDS.
However,
despite the consensual recognition of the potential for...
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AIDS in Conflict-affected Zones Michel ODIKA By 2005, the global number of refugees and displaced persons stood at nearly 20 million, approximately 4 million in sub-Saharan Africa, where many, if not most of the host countries are heavily burdened by the impact of AIDS. However, despite the consensual recognition of the potential for armed conflicts to increase vulnerability to HIV transmission, the majority of host countries are often unable or unwilling to provide refugees and/or displaced persons with the HIV-related services they require. Why? A wide range of misconceptions still surround the issue of AIDS and conflictdisplaced populations. For instance, host-country citizens commonly assume that these people “bring AIDS with them”. In fact, the reality is more complex, just because many refugees and/or displaced persons tend to leave countries with lower HIV prevalence (i. e. approximately 1% in Somalia) to more stable countries with higher HIV prevalence (i. e. approximatel
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 18 Mars 2009
Pages: 2
Lectures: 33
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Health : State About Which Medicine
Has Nothing to Say
Michel ODIKA
Health is the state about which medicine has nothing to say (W.
H.
AUDEN)
Equity, whether in health, wealth or power is rarely, if ever, fully achieved.
Some communities and societies are more egalitarian than others certainly, but
on the whole the world is...
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Health : State About Which Medicine Has Nothing to Say Michel ODIKA Health is the state about which medicine has nothing to say (W. H. AUDEN) Equity, whether in health, wealth or power is rarely, if ever, fully achieved. Some communities and societies are more egalitarian than others certainly, but on the whole the world is “unequal”. Yet the desire for better protection of health, for less health inequity and for more participation in decision-making process that affect health increasingly becomes more intense than it was a few decades ago. Now more than ever, people do not think about health only in terms of sickness or injury, but also in terms of what they perceive as endangering their health and that of their community. Therefore, much more is expected, so that an increasing number of people expect health and something else… The extent of health inequities is now largely documented, not only between countries but equally within countries. They predominantly stem from social
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 9 Mars 2009
Pages: 2
Lectures: 39
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Malaria Military History
A Quite Old Story…
Michel ODIKA
SUMMARY
Looking back briefly at history strongly suggests that malaria military history is a
quite old story.
For the most part, the major advances regarding the disease
approach – whatsoever on the ground of theoretical knowledge or of medical
practice – are heavily...
Plus
Malaria Military History A Quite Old Story… Michel ODIKA SUMMARY Looking back briefly at history strongly suggests that malaria military history is a quite old story. For the most part, the major advances regarding the disease approach – whatsoever on the ground of theoretical knowledge or of medical practice – are heavily indebted either to military conquests, or else to wars, and chiefly to wars involving colonial – or former colonial – territories. Malaria ranks at first sight as something “obvious” and somewhat “ordinary”. But a scrutiny analysis brings out this: that real challenges in terms of public health have often been blurred. What does it mean or imply? When compounded over the history, as far back as we can go in the past, it appears that malaria management has often been globally intended for safety and security purposes, medical aspects and prospects included. From the 17th century, however, most of the groundbreaking advances and innovative approaches, yet undoubte
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 24 Jan. 2009
Pages: 5
Lectures: 61
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AIDS, ACTS and FACTS
Michel ODIKA
AIDS obliges people to think of sex as having, possibly, the direct
consequences: suicide.
Or, murder (Susan SONTAG).
My highest hope lies in a strategy materialized on the ground in…
ACTS, which basically means: Action Capitalizing on and Translated
in Solutions…
In my view, ACTS would be a...
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AIDS, ACTS and FACTS Michel ODIKA AIDS obliges people to think of sex as having, possibly, the direct consequences: suicide. Or, murder (Susan SONTAG). My highest hope lies in a strategy materialized on the ground in… ACTS, which basically means: Action Capitalizing on and Translated in Solutions… In my view, ACTS would be a non-partisan and non-profit group of free individuals and responsible citizens ACTIVELY committed to promoting and protecting social justice and collective solidarity, in a world where: To agitate is to activate, to advise is to advocate, and, not least, to resist is merely… to exist. To me, ACTS would be a communication strategy called… RADIO. In concrete terms: Resistance Aimed at Developing Information and Opportunities. Still, ACTS would also be regarded as 1
Moins
Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 24 Jan. 2009
Pages: 2
Lectures: 33
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SIDA et précarité sociale
Feux croisés sur une interaction complexe…
Michel ODIKA
S’il n’avait que l’obscurité, tout serait clair! C’est parce qu’il n’y a
pas que l’obscurité, mais aussi la lumière, qu’il nous est impossible
d’échapper à notre situation (Samuel BECKETT, dramaturge et metteur
en scène).
....
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SIDA et précarité sociale Feux croisés sur une interaction complexe… Michel ODIKA S’il n’avait que l’obscurité, tout serait clair! C’est parce qu’il n’y a pas que l’obscurité, mais aussi la lumière, qu’il nous est impossible d’échapper à notre situation (Samuel BECKETT, dramaturge et metteur en scène). . Pauvreté et misère: deux expositions différentes au virus du SIDA . Prostitution occasionnelle et prostitution professionnelle: deux prédispositions distinctes au SIDA 1
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 24 Jan. 2009
Pages: 7
Lectures: 83
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Acute Environmental Disorders Damaging to Health
Lessons capitalized on the ground…
Michel ODIKA
Brazzaville (Congo) in war (1).
Summary
Besides being damaging to individuals’ health and destructive to human lives, largescale
catastrophes radically differ from what most people ...
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Acute Environmental Disorders Damaging to Health Lessons capitalized on the ground… Michel ODIKA Brazzaville (Congo) in war (1). Summary Besides being damaging to individuals’ health and destructive to human lives, largescale catastrophes radically differ from what most people believe. In concrete terms, acute environmental disorders basically stand as a continuum – instead of emerging from somewhat a vacuum – of latent preexisting background problems. In other words, evident and violent growing difficulties of the moment must be dealt with anyway. But permanent underlying difficulties are originally difficulties of every moment… As a result of lessons learned from major catastrophes across the world, greater emphasis is now placed on lack, or simply absence, of any appropriate prevention policy when required. Another fact to be aware of is that humanitarian emergencies do not in themselves generate problems. We should rather assume exactly this:
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 24 Jan. 2009
Pages: 2
Lectures: 63
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HIV PREVENTION: Challenges
and Perspectives
Michel ODIKA
1
Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 23 Jan. 2009
Pages: 10
Lectures: 23
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Poverty Impact on HIV Transmission
Spotlight on a complex mechanism…
Michel ODIKA
Summary
It is now widely recognized that poverty and AIDS determine each other
reciprocally.
Although the relationship is wellestablished, the association is
complex and subtle....
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Poverty Impact on HIV Transmission Spotlight on a complex mechanism… Michel ODIKA Summary It is now widely recognized that poverty and AIDS determine each other reciprocally. Although the relationship is wellestablished, the association is complex and subtle. In concrete terms, poverty is not “the key problem as such”, nor even “the root problem”, but just either a catalyst of factors involved in the emergence and spread of the epidemic, or else a transparent windowpane through which the very true challenges can be screened. Poverty, if it appears to be a powerful booster, does so only when permanently and strongly associated with specific determinants: family disintegration, promiscuity, gender inequality, sexual violence, income disparities, and inequalities in access to education and information. Complex and subtle mechanisms of poverty’s impact on HIVcontamination, highly variable across the world, need to be described and documented with
Moins
Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 23 Jan. 2009
Pages: 7
Lectures: 49
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The First Wealth Is Health…
Special focus on malaria, AIDS and tuberculosis
Michel ODIKA
Photo: New York during the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS…
Copyright UNAIDS, 2001.
Now more than ever, one way of looking at health is to say: Health is nothing
else ...
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The First Wealth Is Health… Special focus on malaria, AIDS and tuberculosis Michel ODIKA Photo: New York during the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS… Copyright UNAIDS, 2001. Now more than ever, one way of looking at health is to say: Health is nothing else than a basic human right… However, it may sometimes seem somewhat paradoxical to think so for many reasons. For example, millions of people worldwide experience serious hardships damaging to individuals’ health and nations’ wealth. Still, most diseases and subsequent deaths occurring across the world are predominantly caused by either the nonaccess to a safe environment, or else the non satisfaction – here lies the main paradox – of what just happens to be… basic human rights. Facts are stubborn, only opinions are pliable, statistics variable, and people liable to error. As a result of disconnections between official deeds and popular needs, what we
Moins
Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 23 Jan. 2009
Pages: 3
Lectures: 65
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Malnutrition: concept ambigu et douteux.
.
.
Michel ODIKA
La malnutrition serait-elle un concept ambigu et douteux? Au premier abord, la
question inaugurale de l article peut paraître impertinente, voire saugrenue.
En
réalité, il n en est rien.
Bref rappel de quelques faits pour le moins intrigants.
.
.
Au-delà des lieux...
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Malnutrition: concept ambigu et douteux. . . Michel ODIKA La malnutrition serait-elle un concept ambigu et douteux? Au premier abord, la question inaugurale de l article peut paraître impertinente, voire saugrenue. En réalité, il n en est rien. Bref rappel de quelques faits pour le moins intrigants. . . Au-delà des lieux communs, la sous-alimentation et la suralimentation sont deux formes - osons-le dire - de. . . malnutrition: autant la sous-alimentation est incontestablement de la "malnutrition par défaut", autant la suralimentation se révèle être de la "malnutrition par excès". Autre similitude: qu il s agisse de sousalimentation ou de suralimentation, nous avons toujours affaire à un régime "quantitativement anormal" et/ou "qualitativement déséquilibré". A tel point que, tout bien pesé, l une et l autre forme de malnutrition. . . tuent, la sous-alimentation de manière assez rapide et plutôt visible, la suralimentation à petit feu - mais de manière quasi invisible - en expos
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Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 22 Jan. 2009
Pages: 2
Lectures: 77
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Paludisme: observatoire et laboratoire de la condition humaine
Michel ODIKA
Derrière ce qui semble à première vue entendu et convenu se cache, car trop souvent
occultée, une réalité plurielle dans ce qu’il y a de plus complexe, du moins dans ses
multiples implications et significations.
A tel point que, pour peu que...
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Paludisme: observatoire et laboratoire de la condition humaine Michel ODIKA Derrière ce qui semble à première vue entendu et convenu se cache, car trop souvent occultée, une réalité plurielle dans ce qu’il y a de plus complexe, du moins dans ses multiples implications et significations. A tel point que, pour peu que l’on soumette le paludisme aux feux croisés, et donc éclairants, des regards convergents, il apparaît dès lors, et alors de manière édifiante et plutôt instructive, que l’on a affaire : d’abord à un problème de santé publique et de développement, ensuite à un champ d’observation et un laboratoire d’expérimentation - bref une mise en scène - de la condition humaine, et enfin à une incitation au sursaut permanent en réponse à une situation de sursis laissant plus d’une interrogation cruciale en suspens. . . D’entrée de jeu, et c’est ce qui en fait le principal enjeu, le paludisme se révèle être, bien plus qu’une simple maladie, un entrecroisement de problème
Moins
Par Dr Michel ODIKA
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Publiée le 22 Jan. 2009
Pages: 3
Lectures: 55
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